.. DO NOT EDIT.
.. THIS FILE WAS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY SPHINX-GALLERY.
.. TO MAKE CHANGES, EDIT THE SOURCE PYTHON FILE:
.. "auto_examples/visualkeras_CNN/plot_custom_vgg16.py"
.. LINE NUMBERS ARE GIVEN BELOW.

.. only:: html

    .. note::
        :class: sphx-glr-download-link-note

        :ref:`Go to the end <sphx_glr_download_auto_examples_visualkeras_CNN_plot_custom_vgg16.py>`
        to download the full example code or to run this example in your browser via JupyterLite or Binder.

.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-example-title

.. _sphx_glr_auto_examples_visualkeras_CNN_plot_custom_vgg16.py:


visualkeras: custom vgg16 example
==========================================

An example showing the :py:func:`~scikitplot.visualkeras` function
used by a :py:class:`~tensorflow.keras.Model` model.

.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 8-12

.. code-block:: Python


    # Authors: The scikit-plots developers
    # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause








.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 13-29

.. code-block:: Python


    # visualkeras Need aggdraw tensorflow
    # !pip install scikitplot[core, cpu]

    # or
    # !pip install aggdraw
    # !pip install tensorflow

    # pip install protobuf==5.29.4
    import tensorflow as tf

    # Clear any session to reset the state of TensorFlow/Keras
    tf.keras.backend.clear_session()

    from scikitplot import visualkeras





.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none

    /home/circleci/.pyenv/versions/3.11.14/lib/python3.11/site-packages/keras/src/export/tf2onnx_lib.py:8: FutureWarning:

    In the future `np.object` will be defined as the corresponding NumPy scalar.





.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 30-31

create VGG16

.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 31-85

.. code-block:: Python

    image_size = 224
    model = tf.keras.models.Sequential()
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.InputLayer(shape=(image_size, image_size, 3)))

    model.add(tf.keras.layers.ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(64, activation="relu", kernel_size=(3, 3)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(64, activation="relu", kernel_size=(3, 3)))
    model.add(visualkeras.SpacingDummyLayer())

    model.add(tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2), strides=(2, 2)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(128, activation="relu", kernel_size=(3, 3)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(128, activation="relu", kernel_size=(3, 3)))
    model.add(visualkeras.SpacingDummyLayer())

    model.add(tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2), strides=(2, 2)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(256, activation="relu", kernel_size=(3, 3)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(256, activation="relu", kernel_size=(3, 3)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(256, activation="relu", kernel_size=(3, 3)))
    model.add(visualkeras.SpacingDummyLayer())

    model.add(tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2), strides=(2, 2)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(512, activation="relu", kernel_size=(3, 3)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(512, activation="relu", kernel_size=(3, 3)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(512, activation="relu", kernel_size=(3, 3)))
    model.add(visualkeras.SpacingDummyLayer())

    model.add(tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2), strides=(2, 2)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(512, activation="relu", kernel_size=(3, 3)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(512, activation="relu", kernel_size=(3, 3)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(512, activation="relu", kernel_size=(3, 3)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling2D())
    model.add(visualkeras.SpacingDummyLayer())

    model.add(tf.keras.layers.Flatten())

    model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dense(4096, activation="relu"))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.5))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dense(4096, activation="relu"))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.5))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dense(1000, activation="softmax"))
    # model.summary()








.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 86-87

Now visualize the model!

.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 87-97

.. code-block:: Python

    from collections import defaultdict

    color_map = defaultdict(dict)
    color_map[tf.keras.layers.Conv2D]["fill"] = "orange"
    color_map[tf.keras.layers.ZeroPadding2D]["fill"] = "gray"
    color_map[tf.keras.layers.Dropout]["fill"] = "pink"
    color_map[tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling2D]["fill"] = "red"
    color_map[tf.keras.layers.Dense]["fill"] = "green"
    color_map[tf.keras.layers.Flatten]["fill"] = "teal"








.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 98-102

.. code-block:: Python

    from PIL import ImageFont

    ImageFont.load_default()





.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none


    <PIL.ImageFont.FreeTypeFont object at 0x7f6ea8680050>



.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 103-111

.. code-block:: Python

    img_vgg16 = visualkeras.layered_view(
        model,
        type_ignore=[visualkeras.SpacingDummyLayer],
        # to_file="result_images/vgg16.png",
        save_fig=True,
        save_fig_filename="vgg16.png",
    )




.. image-sg:: /auto_examples/visualkeras_CNN/images/sphx_glr_plot_custom_vgg16_001.png
   :alt: plot custom vgg16
   :srcset: /auto_examples/visualkeras_CNN/images/sphx_glr_plot_custom_vgg16_001.png
   :class: sphx-glr-single-img


.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none

    2026-01-06 16:56:18.314857: W scikitplot 140115099773824 utils_pil.py:204:load_font] Error loading system font: cannot open resource
    2026-01-06 16:56:18.314956: W scikitplot 140115099773824 utils_pil.py:206:load_font] Falling back to PIL default font.
    2026-01-06 16:56:18.315075: W scikitplot 140115099773824 _layered.py:216:layered_view] The legend_text_spacing_offset parameter is deprecated andwill be removed in a future release.




.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 112-127

.. code-block:: Python

    img_vgg16_legend = visualkeras.layered_view(
        model,
        type_ignore=[visualkeras.SpacingDummyLayer],
        legend=True,
        font={
            "font_size": 61,
            # 'use_default_font': False,
            # 'font_path': '/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans-Bold.ttf'
        },
        # to_file="result_images/vgg16_legend.png",
        save_fig=True,
        save_fig_filename="vgg16_legend.png",
    )
    img_vgg16_legend




.. image-sg:: /auto_examples/visualkeras_CNN/images/sphx_glr_plot_custom_vgg16_002.png
   :alt: plot custom vgg16
   :srcset: /auto_examples/visualkeras_CNN/images/sphx_glr_plot_custom_vgg16_002.png
   :class: sphx-glr-single-img


.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none

    2026-01-06 16:56:19.808680: W scikitplot 140115099773824 utils_pil.py:204:load_font] Error loading system font: cannot open resource
    2026-01-06 16:56:19.808781: W scikitplot 140115099773824 utils_pil.py:206:load_font] Falling back to PIL default font.
    2026-01-06 16:56:19.808901: W scikitplot 140115099773824 _layered.py:216:layered_view] The legend_text_spacing_offset parameter is deprecated andwill be removed in a future release.

    <matplotlib.image.AxesImage object at 0x7f6ea829a790>



.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 128-138

.. code-block:: Python

    img_vgg16_spacing_layers = visualkeras.layered_view(
        model,
        type_ignore=[],
        spacing=0,
        # to_file="result_images/vgg16_spacing_layers.png",
        save_fig=True,
        save_fig_filename="vgg16_spacing_layers.png",
    )
    img_vgg16_spacing_layers




.. image-sg:: /auto_examples/visualkeras_CNN/images/sphx_glr_plot_custom_vgg16_003.png
   :alt: plot custom vgg16
   :srcset: /auto_examples/visualkeras_CNN/images/sphx_glr_plot_custom_vgg16_003.png
   :class: sphx-glr-single-img


.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none

    2026-01-06 16:56:20.864397: W scikitplot 140115099773824 utils_pil.py:204:load_font] Error loading system font: cannot open resource
    2026-01-06 16:56:20.864498: W scikitplot 140115099773824 utils_pil.py:206:load_font] Falling back to PIL default font.
    2026-01-06 16:56:20.864609: W scikitplot 140115099773824 _layered.py:216:layered_view] The legend_text_spacing_offset parameter is deprecated andwill be removed in a future release.

    <matplotlib.image.AxesImage object at 0x7f6ea832d390>



.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 139-153

.. code-block:: Python

    img_vgg16_type_ignore = visualkeras.layered_view(
        model,
        type_ignore=[
            tf.keras.layers.ZeroPadding2D,
            tf.keras.layers.Dropout,
            tf.keras.layers.Flatten,
            visualkeras.SpacingDummyLayer,
        ],
        # to_file="result_images/vgg16_type_ignore.png",
        save_fig=True,
        save_fig_filename="vgg16_type_ignore.png",
    )
    img_vgg16_type_ignore




.. image-sg:: /auto_examples/visualkeras_CNN/images/sphx_glr_plot_custom_vgg16_004.png
   :alt: plot custom vgg16
   :srcset: /auto_examples/visualkeras_CNN/images/sphx_glr_plot_custom_vgg16_004.png
   :class: sphx-glr-single-img


.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none

    2026-01-06 16:56:21.745346: W scikitplot 140115099773824 utils_pil.py:204:load_font] Error loading system font: cannot open resource
    2026-01-06 16:56:21.745439: W scikitplot 140115099773824 utils_pil.py:206:load_font] Falling back to PIL default font.
    2026-01-06 16:56:21.745551: W scikitplot 140115099773824 _layered.py:216:layered_view] The legend_text_spacing_offset parameter is deprecated andwill be removed in a future release.

    <matplotlib.image.AxesImage object at 0x7f6ea8338a90>



.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 154-164

.. code-block:: Python

    img_vgg16_color_map = visualkeras.layered_view(
        model,
        type_ignore=[visualkeras.SpacingDummyLayer],
        color_map=color_map,
        # to_file="result_images/vgg16_color_map.png",
        save_fig=True,
        save_fig_filename="vgg16_color_map.png",
    )
    img_vgg16_color_map




.. image-sg:: /auto_examples/visualkeras_CNN/images/sphx_glr_plot_custom_vgg16_005.png
   :alt: plot custom vgg16
   :srcset: /auto_examples/visualkeras_CNN/images/sphx_glr_plot_custom_vgg16_005.png
   :class: sphx-glr-single-img


.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none

    2026-01-06 16:56:22.361181: W scikitplot 140115099773824 utils_pil.py:204:load_font] Error loading system font: cannot open resource
    2026-01-06 16:56:22.361263: W scikitplot 140115099773824 utils_pil.py:206:load_font] Falling back to PIL default font.
    2026-01-06 16:56:22.361363: W scikitplot 140115099773824 _layered.py:216:layered_view] The legend_text_spacing_offset parameter is deprecated andwill be removed in a future release.

    <matplotlib.image.AxesImage object at 0x7f6ea82074d0>



.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 165-175

.. code-block:: Python

    img_vgg16_flat = visualkeras.layered_view(
        model,
        type_ignore=[visualkeras.SpacingDummyLayer],
        draw_volume=False,
        # to_file="result_images/vgg16_flat.png",
        save_fig=True,
        save_fig_filename="vgg16_flat.png",
    )
    img_vgg16_flat




.. image-sg:: /auto_examples/visualkeras_CNN/images/sphx_glr_plot_custom_vgg16_006.png
   :alt: plot custom vgg16
   :srcset: /auto_examples/visualkeras_CNN/images/sphx_glr_plot_custom_vgg16_006.png
   :class: sphx-glr-single-img


.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none

    2026-01-06 16:56:23.297665: W scikitplot 140115099773824 utils_pil.py:204:load_font] Error loading system font: cannot open resource
    2026-01-06 16:56:23.297774: W scikitplot 140115099773824 utils_pil.py:206:load_font] Falling back to PIL default font.
    2026-01-06 16:56:23.297888: W scikitplot 140115099773824 _layered.py:216:layered_view] The legend_text_spacing_offset parameter is deprecated andwill be removed in a future release.

    <matplotlib.image.AxesImage object at 0x7f6ea8233390>



.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 176-193

.. code-block:: Python

    img_vgg16_scaling = visualkeras.layered_view(
        model,
        type_ignore=[visualkeras.SpacingDummyLayer],
        # legend=True,
        min_z=1,
        min_xy=1,
        max_z=4096,
        max_xy=4096,
        scale_z=0.5,
        scale_xy=11,
        # font={'font_size': 99},
        # to_file="result_images/vgg16_scaling.png",
        save_fig=True,
        save_fig_filename="vgg16_scaling.png",
    )
    img_vgg16_scaling




.. image-sg:: /auto_examples/visualkeras_CNN/images/sphx_glr_plot_custom_vgg16_007.png
   :alt: plot custom vgg16
   :srcset: /auto_examples/visualkeras_CNN/images/sphx_glr_plot_custom_vgg16_007.png
   :class: sphx-glr-single-img


.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none

    2026-01-06 16:56:23.972068: W scikitplot 140115099773824 utils_pil.py:204:load_font] Error loading system font: cannot open resource
    2026-01-06 16:56:23.972166: W scikitplot 140115099773824 utils_pil.py:206:load_font] Falling back to PIL default font.
    2026-01-06 16:56:23.972283: W scikitplot 140115099773824 _layered.py:216:layered_view] The legend_text_spacing_offset parameter is deprecated andwill be removed in a future release.

    <matplotlib.image.AxesImage object at 0x7f6ea80d5790>



.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 194-202

.. tags::

   model-type: classification
   model-workflow: model building
   plot-type: visualkeras
   domain: neural network
   level: intermediate
   purpose: showcase


.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-timing

   **Total running time of the script:** (0 minutes 19.903 seconds)


.. _sphx_glr_download_auto_examples_visualkeras_CNN_plot_custom_vgg16.py:

.. only:: html

  .. container:: sphx-glr-footer sphx-glr-footer-example

    .. container:: binder-badge

      .. image:: images/binder_badge_logo.svg
        :target: https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/scikit-plots/scikit-plots/maintenance/0.4.X?urlpath=lab/tree/notebooks/auto_examples/visualkeras_CNN/plot_custom_vgg16.ipynb
        :alt: Launch binder
        :width: 150 px

    .. container:: lite-badge

      .. image:: images/jupyterlite_badge_logo.svg
        :target: ../../lite/lab/index.html?path=auto_examples/visualkeras_CNN/plot_custom_vgg16.ipynb
        :alt: Launch JupyterLite
        :width: 150 px

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-jupyter

      :download:`Download Jupyter notebook: plot_custom_vgg16.ipynb <plot_custom_vgg16.ipynb>`

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-python

      :download:`Download Python source code: plot_custom_vgg16.py <plot_custom_vgg16.py>`

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-zip

      :download:`Download zipped: plot_custom_vgg16.zip <plot_custom_vgg16.zip>`


.. include:: plot_custom_vgg16.recommendations


.. only:: html

 .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-signature

    `Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery <https://sphinx-gallery.github.io>`_