.. _sphx_tag_topic-terminology: My tags: topic: terminology ########################### .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 1 :caption: With this tag ../learn/terminology/001-subsampling.rst ../learn/terminology/002-class-weighting.rst ../learn/terminology/003-smote-synthetic-minority-over-sampling-technique.rst ../learn/terminology/004-oversampling.rst ../learn/terminology/005-low-pass-filtering.rst ../learn/terminology/006-nearmiss-distance-based-undersampling.rst ../learn/terminology/007-cluster-based-undersampling.rst ../learn/terminology/008-random-undersampling.rst ../learn/terminology/009-signal-processing.rst ../learn/terminology/010-time-series.rst ../learn/terminology/011-micro-auroc.rst ../learn/terminology/012-multi-label-classification.rst ../learn/terminology/013-micro-f1.rst ../learn/terminology/014-single-label-classification.rst ../learn/terminology/015-micro-recall.rst ../learn/terminology/016-micro-precision.rst ../learn/terminology/017-one-vs-rest-ovr-auroc.rst ../learn/terminology/018-macro-auroc-macro-averaged-auroc.rst ../learn/terminology/019-macro-f1.rst ../learn/terminology/020-macro-recall.rst ../learn/terminology/021-macro-precision.rst ../learn/terminology/022-multiclass-auroc.rst ../learn/terminology/023-gini-coefficient.rst ../learn/terminology/024-bootstrap-confidence-intervals-cis.rst ../learn/terminology/025-probability.rst ../learn/terminology/026-mannwhitney-u-test-also-called-the-wilcoxon-rank.rst ../learn/terminology/027-predictive-parity-calibration.rst ../learn/terminology/028-equalized-odds-fairness.rst ../learn/terminology/029-equal-opportunity-fairness.rst ../learn/terminology/030-demographic-parity-statistical-parity.rst ../learn/terminology/031-cross-selling.rst ../learn/terminology/032-upselling.rst ../learn/terminology/033-customer-segmentation.rst ../learn/terminology/034-saas-software-as-a-service.rst ../learn/terminology/035-valuation-metric.rst ../learn/terminology/036-d2c-direct-to-consumer.rst ../learn/terminology/037-ltv-cac-ratio.rst ../learn/terminology/038-net-ltv-sometimes-called-contribution-ltv.rst ../learn/terminology/039-gross-ltv-customer-lifetime-value.rst ../learn/terminology/040-predictive-ltv-pltv.rst ../learn/terminology/041-cohort-based-ltv-simple-version.rst ../learn/terminology/042-customer-lifetime.rst ../learn/terminology/043-gross-margin.rst ../learn/terminology/044-fully-loaded-cac-customer-acquisition-cost.rst ../learn/terminology/045-organic-cac-customer-acquisition-cost.rst ../learn/terminology/046-paid-cac-customer-acquisition-cost.rst ../learn/terminology/047-channel-specific-cac-customer-acquisition-cost.rst ../learn/terminology/048-blended-cac-customer-acquisition-cost.rst ../learn/terminology/049-lead-gen-software.rst ../learn/terminology/050-thompson-sampling-ts-in-bandits-multi-armed-band.rst ../learn/terminology/051-bayesian-decision-theory-bdt.rst ../learn/terminology/052-bayesian-time-series.rst ../learn/terminology/053-posterior-probability-of-uplift.rst ../learn/terminology/054-gaussian-processes-gps.rst ../learn/terminology/055-bayesian-neural-networks-bnns.rst ../learn/terminology/056-variational-inference-vi.rst ../learn/terminology/057-mcmc-markov-chain-monte-carlo.rst ../learn/terminology/058-sequential-settings.rst ../learn/terminology/059-frequentist.rst ../learn/terminology/060-binomial-likelihood.rst ../learn/terminology/061-posterior-belief.rst ../learn/terminology/062-marginal-likelihood-also-called-the-model-eviden.rst ../learn/terminology/063-posterior.rst ../learn/terminology/064-prior-belief-or-prior-probability.rst ../learn/terminology/065-parameter-s-of-interest.rst ../learn/terminology/066-bayes-theorem.rst ../learn/terminology/067-conversion-rate-uplift.rst ../learn/terminology/068-bayesian-stopping-rules.rst ../learn/terminology/069-optimizely.rst ../learn/terminology/070-online-experimentation-platforms.rst ../learn/terminology/071-stopping-rules.rst ../learn/terminology/072-treatment-effect.rst ../learn/terminology/073-posterior-probability.rst ../learn/terminology/074-bayesian-sequential-testing.rst ../learn/terminology/075-likelihood-ratio-lr.rst ../learn/terminology/076-sequential-probability-ratio-test-sprt.rst ../learn/terminology/077-pocock-method.rst ../learn/terminology/078-o-brienfleming-obf-method.rst ../learn/terminology/079-group-sequential-testing.rst ../learn/terminology/080-type-i-error.rst ../learn/terminology/081-traditional-a-b-test-fixed-horizon-a-b-test.rst ../learn/terminology/082-fixed-horizon-testing.rst ../learn/terminology/083-true-conversion-rate.rst ../learn/terminology/084-standard-error-se.rst ../learn/terminology/085-true-mean-population-mean.rst ../learn/terminology/086-margin-of-error-moe.rst ../learn/terminology/087-critical-value.rst ../learn/terminology/088-sample-standard-deviation.rst ../learn/terminology/089-sample-mean.rst ../learn/terminology/090-regression-coefficient.rst ../learn/terminology/091-proportion.rst ../learn/terminology/092-true-population-parameter.rst ../learn/terminology/093-compromise-power-analysis.rst ../learn/terminology/094-post-hoc-power-analysis.rst ../learn/terminology/095-a-priori-power-analysis.rst ../learn/terminology/096-statistical-significance.rst ../learn/terminology/097-z-score.rst ../learn/terminology/098-two-proportion-z-test.rst ../learn/terminology/099-beta-distribution.rst ../learn/terminology/100-google-experiments.rst ../learn/terminology/101-minimum-detectable-lift-mdl.rst ../learn/terminology/102-trivial-effects.rst ../learn/terminology/103-sample-size.rst ../learn/terminology/104-power-1.rst ../learn/terminology/105-significance-level.rst ../learn/terminology/106-effect-size.rst ../learn/terminology/107-hypothesis-testing.rst ../learn/terminology/108-ranking-algorithms.rst ../learn/terminology/109-probabilistic-interleaving.rst ../learn/terminology/110-team-draft-interleaving-tdi.rst ../learn/terminology/111-balanced-interleaving.rst ../learn/terminology/112-causal-impact.rst ../learn/terminology/113-bandit-algorithms.rst ../learn/terminology/114-a-b-n-test.rst ../learn/terminology/115-multivariate-test-mvt.rst ../learn/terminology/116-risk-of-peeking.rst ../learn/terminology/117-causal-inference.rst ../learn/terminology/118-p-value-probability-value.rst ../learn/terminology/119-z-test.rst ../learn/terminology/120-t-test.rst ../learn/terminology/121-session-length.rst ../learn/terminology/122-revenue-per-user-rpu-arpu.rst ../learn/terminology/123-churn.rst ../learn/terminology/124-retention.rst ../learn/terminology/125-statistically-significant.rst ../learn/terminology/126-iid-independent-and-identically-distributed.rst ../learn/terminology/127-temporal-autocorrelation-serial-correlation.rst ../learn/terminology/128-blocked-splits-single-holdout.rst ../learn/terminology/129-sliding-window-rolling-window-cross-validation.rst ../learn/terminology/130-expanding-window-cross-validation.rst ../learn/terminology/131-data-leakage.rst ../learn/terminology/132-stratified-group-k-fold.rst ../learn/terminology/133-stratified-shuffle-split.rst ../learn/terminology/134-multiclass-stratified-cv.rst ../learn/terminology/135-k-fold-cross-validation.rst ../learn/terminology/136-cross-validation-cv.rst ../learn/terminology/137-re-scoring.rst ../learn/terminology/138-drift-detection.rst ../learn/terminology/139-model-distillation-knowledge-distillation.rst ../learn/terminology/140-early-stopping.rst ../learn/terminology/141-epochs.rst ../learn/terminology/142-hyperparameter.rst ../learn/terminology/143-ai-artificial-intelligence.rst ../learn/terminology/144-machine-learning-ml.rst ../learn/terminology/145-medical-ai.rst ../learn/terminology/146-kyc.rst ../learn/terminology/147-ftes.rst ../learn/terminology/148-aws-sagemaker.rst ../learn/terminology/149-vertex-ai.rst ../learn/terminology/150-openai-api-ml-api.rst ../learn/terminology/151-aws-sagemaker-endpoints.rst ../learn/terminology/152-cloud-inference-with-big-payloads.rst ../learn/terminology/153-cloud-inference.rst ../learn/terminology/154-ensemble.rst ../learn/terminology/155-model-weights.rst ../learn/terminology/156-flops.rst ../learn/terminology/157-opex.rst ../learn/terminology/158-llms-large-language-models.rst ../learn/terminology/159-recalibration.rst ../learn/terminology/160-reweighting.rst ../learn/terminology/161-continuous-retraining.rst ../learn/terminology/162-monitoring-pipelines.rst ../learn/terminology/163-active-learning.rst ../learn/terminology/164-bayesian-correction.rst ../learn/terminology/165-recalibrate-thresholds.rst ../learn/terminology/166-guardrails-in-ml-data-systems.rst ../learn/terminology/167-model-kpis-key-performance-indicators.rst ../learn/terminology/168-lagging-indicators.rst ../learn/terminology/169-leading-indicators.rst ../learn/terminology/170-windows-in-time-series.rst ../learn/terminology/171-autoencoder.rst ../learn/terminology/172-frozen-encoder.rst ../learn/terminology/173-embedding.rst ../learn/terminology/174-representation-shift.rst ../learn/terminology/175-classifier-two-sample-tests-c2sts.rst ../learn/terminology/176-energy-distance.rst ../learn/terminology/177-maximum-mean-discrepancy-mmd.rst ../learn/terminology/178-cardinality-in-categorical-data.rst ../learn/terminology/179-categorical-drift.rst ../learn/terminology/180-cramer-s-v.rst ../learn/terminology/181-macro-shifts.rst ../learn/terminology/182-categorical-explosions.rst ../learn/terminology/183-cohort.rst ../learn/terminology/184-off-distribution.rst ../learn/terminology/185-discriminatory-power.rst ../learn/terminology/186-ks-statistic-kolmogorovsmirnov-statistic.rst ../learn/terminology/187-model-stability.rst ../learn/terminology/188-feature-values.rst ../learn/terminology/189-four-fifths-80-rule.rst ../learn/terminology/190-sli-service-level-indicator.rst ../learn/terminology/191-roi-return-on-investment.rst ../learn/terminology/192-treatment-cost.rst ../learn/terminology/193-incremental-revenue.rst ../learn/terminology/194-incremental-recovery-rate-irr.rst ../learn/terminology/195-incremental-sales.rst ../learn/terminology/196-random-targeting-strategy.rst ../learn/terminology/197-causal-ml-causal-machine-learning.rst ../learn/terminology/198-cumulative-uplift.rst ../learn/terminology/199-population-proportion.rst ../learn/terminology/200-incremental-gain.rst ../learn/terminology/201-total-incremental-benefit-tib.rst ../learn/terminology/202-cumulative-incremental-gain-cig.rst ../learn/terminology/203-qini-curve.rst ../learn/terminology/204-uplift-score.rst ../learn/terminology/205-uplift-models.rst ../learn/terminology/206-ops-health-dashboard.rst ../learn/terminology/207-sla-breach-rate.rst ../learn/terminology/208-sla-service-level-agreement.rst ../learn/terminology/209-supplier-constraints.rst ../learn/terminology/210-long-lead-times.rst ../learn/terminology/211-slow-moving-skus.rst ../learn/terminology/212-sku.rst ../learn/terminology/213-real-time-inventory-tracking.rst ../learn/terminology/214-supplier-management.rst ../learn/terminology/215-demand-forecasting.rst ../learn/terminology/216-reorder-point-rop-optimization.rst ../learn/terminology/217-safety-stock.rst ../learn/terminology/218-backorder-rate.rst ../learn/terminology/219-lost-sales-value.rst ../learn/terminology/220-fill-rate.rst ../learn/terminology/221-stockout-rate.rst ../learn/terminology/222-prophet-time-series-forecasting-by-facebook-meta.rst ../learn/terminology/223-lstm-long-short-term-memory-networks.rst ../learn/terminology/224-arima-autoregressive-integrated-moving-average.rst ../learn/terminology/225-return-distribution.rst ../learn/terminology/226-value-at-risk-var.rst ../learn/terminology/227-risk-forecast.rst ../learn/terminology/228-probabilistic-scoring.rst ../learn/terminology/229-full-distribution.rst ../learn/terminology/230-continuous-probabilistic-forecasts.rst ../learn/terminology/231-classification-probability.rst ../learn/terminology/232-quantile-forecasts.rst ../learn/terminology/233-point-forecasts.rst ../learn/terminology/234-strictly-proper-scoring-rules.rst ../learn/terminology/235-probability-forecasts.rst ../learn/terminology/236-target-variable.rst ../learn/terminology/237-probability-density.rst ../learn/terminology/238-normal-distribution.rst ../learn/terminology/239-probability-mass.rst ../learn/terminology/240-probability-distribution.rst ../learn/terminology/241-probabilistic-forecasts.rst ../learn/terminology/242-deterministic-forecasts.rst ../learn/terminology/243-cumulative-distribution-function-cdf.rst ../learn/terminology/244-m-competitions-makridakis-competitions.rst ../learn/terminology/245-forecasting-benchmarks.rst ../learn/terminology/246-average-absolute-error-aae.rst ../learn/terminology/247-seasonal-lag.rst ../learn/terminology/248-simple-baseline-methods.rst ../learn/terminology/249-naive-baseline-forecast.rst ../learn/terminology/250-forecast-error.rst ../learn/terminology/251-forecasting-competitions.rst ../learn/terminology/252-predicting-percentiles.rst ../learn/terminology/253-prediction-intervals-pi.rst ../learn/terminology/254-quantile-regression.rst ../learn/terminology/255-quantile-level.rst ../learn/terminology/256-time-series-forecasting.rst ../learn/terminology/257-log-space.rst ../learn/terminology/258-relative-accuracy.rst ../learn/terminology/259-r2-r-squared.rst ../learn/terminology/260-long-tail-items.rst ../learn/terminology/261-self-information-of-popularity.rst ../learn/terminology/262-relevance-in-recommender-systems.rst ../learn/terminology/263-genre-overlap.rst ../learn/terminology/264-jaccard-index.rst ../learn/terminology/265-cosine-similarity-of-item-features.rst ../learn/terminology/266-intra-list-diversity-ild.rst ../learn/terminology/267-dominating-in-recommender-systems.rst ../learn/terminology/268-catalog-coverage.rst ../learn/terminology/269-user-coverage.rst ../learn/terminology/270-item-coverage.rst ../learn/terminology/271-diminishing-utility.rst ../learn/terminology/272-dcg-discounted-cumulative-gain.rst ../learn/terminology/273-kaggle.rst ../learn/terminology/274-trec-text-retrieval-conference.rst ../learn/terminology/275-adaptive-ece-expected-calibration-error-with-ada.rst ../learn/terminology/276-maximum-calibration-error-mce.rst ../learn/terminology/277-roc-curve-receiver-operating-characteristic.rst ../learn/terminology/278-murphy-s-decomposition.rst ../learn/terminology/279-temperature-scaling.rst ../learn/terminology/280-platt-scaling.rst ../learn/terminology/281-isotonic-regression.rst ../learn/terminology/282-support-vector-machines-svms.rst ../learn/terminology/283-underconfident.rst ../learn/terminology/284-overconfident.rst ../learn/terminology/285-confidence-level.rst ../learn/terminology/286-risk-based-decisions.rst ../learn/terminology/287-neural-networks.rst ../learn/terminology/288-binary-cross-entropy-bce.rst ../learn/terminology/289-loss-functions.rst ../learn/terminology/290-underflow.rst ../learn/terminology/291-logit-space.rst ../learn/terminology/292-logistic-regression.rst ../learn/terminology/293-binary-classification.rst ../learn/terminology/294-classification-models.rst ../learn/terminology/295-log-odds.rst ../learn/terminology/296-softmax-function.rst ../learn/terminology/297-sigmoid-function.rst ../learn/terminology/298-squashing-function.rst ../learn/terminology/299-conversion-rate-cr.rst ../learn/terminology/300-cost-per-click-cpc-models.rst ../learn/terminology/301-causal-trees.rst ../learn/terminology/302-uplift-random-forests.rst ../learn/terminology/303-uplift-curve.rst ../learn/terminology/304-likelihood.rst ../learn/terminology/305-correlation.rst ../learn/terminology/306-causal-effect.rst ../learn/terminology/307-outlier.rst ../learn/terminology/308-mean-squared-error-mse.rst ../learn/terminology/309-regression-models.rst ../learn/terminology/310-one-vs-rest-ovr.rst ../learn/terminology/311-multiclass-classification.rst ../learn/terminology/312-partial-auc-pauc.rst ../learn/terminology/313-micro-auc.rst ../learn/terminology/314-macro-auc.rst ../learn/terminology/315-median.rst ../learn/terminology/316-mean.rst ../learn/terminology/317-sensitivity-in-feature-engineering.rst ../learn/terminology/318-encode-in-feature-engineering.rst ../learn/terminology/319-normalize-in-feature-engineering.rst ../learn/terminology/320-embedding-similarity.rst ../learn/terminology/321-computer-vision-cv.rst ../learn/terminology/322-natural-language-processing-nlp.rst ../learn/terminology/323-accuracy.rst ../learn/terminology/324-chi-square-2-test.rst ../learn/terminology/325-kolmogorovsmirnov-ks-test.rst ../learn/terminology/326-jensenshannon-js-divergence.rst ../learn/terminology/327-kullbackleibler-kl-divergence.rst ../learn/terminology/328-statistical-tests.rst ../learn/terminology/329-seasonality.rst ../learn/terminology/330-concept-drift.rst ../learn/terminology/331-data-drift.rst ../learn/terminology/332-fair-lending-laws.rst ../learn/terminology/333-basel-iii.rst ../learn/terminology/334-high-stakes-domains.rst ../learn/terminology/335-deep-ensembles.rst ../learn/terminology/336-counterfactual-explanations.rst ../learn/terminology/337-lime-local-interpretable-model-agnostic-explanat.rst ../learn/terminology/338-shap-shapley-additive-explanations.rst ../learn/terminology/339-post-hoc-explainability.rst ../learn/terminology/340-decision-trees.rst ../learn/terminology/341-linear-models.rst ../learn/terminology/342-caching.rst ../learn/terminology/343-quantization.rst ../learn/terminology/344-onnx-open-neural-network-exchange.rst ../learn/terminology/345-full-annotation.rst ../learn/terminology/346-weak-supervision.rst ../learn/terminology/347-tpu-clusters.rst ../learn/terminology/348-statistical-power.rst ../learn/terminology/349-drift-guardrails.rst ../learn/terminology/350-latency-guardrails.rst ../learn/terminology/351-fairness-guardrails.rst ../learn/terminology/352-delong-s-test.rst ../learn/terminology/353-dataset-shift.rst ../learn/terminology/354-label-noise.rst ../learn/terminology/355-evaluation-set.rst ../learn/terminology/356-clopperpearson-interval.rst ../learn/terminology/357-wilson-score-interval.rst ../learn/terminology/358-per-class-precision-sometimes-called-class-wise.rst ../learn/terminology/359-multiclass-precision.rst ../learn/terminology/360-multilabel-precision.rst ../learn/terminology/361-weighted-averaging.rst ../learn/terminology/362-harmonic-mean.rst ../learn/terminology/363-f1-score.rst ../learn/terminology/364-model-score.rst ../learn/terminology/365-bootstrap.rst ../learn/terminology/366-average-precision-ap.rst ../learn/terminology/367-upsampling.rst ../learn/terminology/368-downsampling.rst ../learn/terminology/369-micro-averaging.rst ../learn/terminology/370-macro-averaging.rst ../learn/terminology/371-auc-area-under-the-curve.rst ../learn/terminology/372-fairness-parity.rst ../learn/terminology/373-ltv-customer-lifetime-value.rst ../learn/terminology/374-cac-customer-acquisition-cost.rst ../learn/terminology/375-bayesian-inference.rst ../learn/terminology/376-sequential-testing-also-called-sequential-analys.rst ../learn/terminology/377-confidence-intervals-cis.rst ../learn/terminology/378-power-analysis.rst ../learn/terminology/379-interleaving-tests.rst ../learn/terminology/380-a-b-testing.rst ../learn/terminology/381-time-based-splits-a-k-a-temporal-cross-validatio.rst ../learn/terminology/382-k-fold-stratified-cross-validation-stratified-cv.rst ../learn/terminology/383-compute-budgets.rst ../learn/terminology/384-manual-review-minutes.rst ../learn/terminology/385-inference-cost-inference.rst ../learn/terminology/386-label-drift-a-k-a-target-drift.rst ../learn/terminology/387-covariate-drift-a-k-a-covariate-shift.rst ../learn/terminology/388-ks-shift-kolmogorovsmirnov-shift.rst ../learn/terminology/389-psi-population-stability-index.rst ../learn/terminology/390-selection-rate.rst ../learn/terminology/391-slos-service-level-objectives.rst ../learn/terminology/392-cannibalization.rst ../learn/terminology/393-revenue-net-of-treatment-cost.rst ../learn/terminology/394-incremental-conversions.rst ../learn/terminology/395-uplift-k.rst ../learn/terminology/396-auuc-area-under-the-uplift-curve.rst ../learn/terminology/397-qini-coefficient.rst ../learn/terminology/398-crew-overtime.rst ../learn/terminology/399-sla-breaches.rst ../learn/terminology/400-overstock.rst ../learn/terminology/401-stockouts.rst ../learn/terminology/402-continuous-ranked-probability-score-crps.rst ../learn/terminology/403-mase-mean-absolute-scaled-error.rst ../learn/terminology/404-pinball-loss-a-k-a-quantile-loss.rst ../learn/terminology/405-wmape-weighted-mean-absolute-percentage-error.rst ../learn/terminology/406-smape-symmetric-mean-absolute-percentage-error.rst ../learn/terminology/407-rmsle-root-mean-squared-logarithmic-error.rst ../learn/terminology/408-mean-absolute-error-mae.rst ../learn/terminology/409-novelty-in-recommender-systems.rst ../learn/terminology/410-diversity-in-recommender-systems.rst ../learn/terminology/411-coverage.rst ../learn/terminology/412-hit-rate-hr.rst ../learn/terminology/413-ndcg-normalized-discounted-cumulative-gain.rst ../learn/terminology/414-mean-average-precision-map.rst ../learn/terminology/415-expected-calibration-error-ece.rst ../learn/terminology/416-reliability-curves-also-called-calibration-curve.rst ../learn/terminology/417-log-loss-also-called-logarithmic-loss-or-cross-e.rst ../learn/terminology/418-brier-score.rst ../learn/terminology/419-calibration-quality-model-calibration.rst ../learn/terminology/420-logits.rst ../learn/terminology/421-ctr-click-through-rate.rst ../learn/terminology/422-wape-weighted-absolute-percentage-error.rst ../learn/terminology/423-recall.rst ../learn/terminology/424-uplift.rst ../learn/terminology/425-mean-absolute-percentage-error-mape.rst ../learn/terminology/426-root-mean-squared-error-rmse.rst ../learn/terminology/427-roc-auc-receiver-operating-characteristic-area-u.rst ../learn/terminology/428-baseline-heuristics.rst ../learn/terminology/429-precision-a-k-a-positive-predictive-value-ppv.rst ../learn/terminology/430-precisionrecall-auc-pr-auc.rst ../learn/terminology/431-advanced-sorting-in-spreadsheets.rst ../learn/terminology/index.rst